“If anyone injures his neighbor, as he has done it shall be done to him, fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; whatever injury he has given a person shall be given to him.”
- Book of Leviticus 24:19-20 (ESV)
Since the recording of the Old Testament passage, many people, Christians and non-Christians alike, use this as justification for revenge. From an early age, most of us have a sense of “playing fair.” Whether it is a game on the playground or negotiating which TV show to watch with our loved ones, we know what it feels like to feel shortchanged or wronged. Regardless of your upbringing or background, chances are you’ve heard the phrase “an eye for an eye” tossed around at some point as a license to even the score. Chances are, you’ve used it yourself – I know I have. Why are we compelled to seek revenge? What is it about us that we want revenge, even when its’ pursuit hurts us more?
“If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us shall we not revenge?”
- William Shakespeare
The Bard often expresses feelings in a way that we cannot; it is why his work endures, centuries after his death. Revenge, retribution, reprisal… whatever word you like, the message is the same. You hurt me, I have a right to get back at you. A May 2011 article in Psychology Today distills our need for revenge into three basic elements:
- Equity
- Identity
- Betrayal
We seek equity in our relationships – you treat me nicely, I’ll treat you well. You disrespect me; I have the right to come back after you. We constantly place our relationships on an invisible scale, examining how we are treated by our bosses, coworkers, spouses, kids, friends… and so on. When we feel like we’re on the losing end of a relationship, we act to change things. We ignore phone calls or texts, use the “silent treatment,” pick a fight over an insignificant issue, you name it. Anything that will help us feel better about our power in the relationship is fair game.
Protecting our identity is also a critical part of what defines us. From our earliest days, we have understood that our identity, our reputation, is worth more than money in the bank – it’s a matter of survival! Nobody wants to be the weakest link, the last one picked for the team, the outcast in the lunchroom. To protect our identity many of us are willing to take drastic measures. Think about how many kids experiment with smoking, drinking, joining gangs or cliques – I’m certain it’s not for the taste of beer or the smell of stale cigarettes! Even larger than our personal identity is our collective identity as a community or a nation. Look no further than the response of most Americans after the attacks to our country after 9/11.
Few things hurt more than betrayal. When we our vulnerable with others and see that vulnerability crushed, a fire ignites in our hearts. Most people are familiar with the quote “hell hath no fury like a woman scorned,” but likely never known the original from William Congreve: “Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned, nor hell a fury like a woman scorned.” The sentiment is clear – when betrayed we are capable of immense pain and anger.
Revenge is a tricky thing. In avenging our pain, we often create more pain – it’s impossible to trade insult for insult without exacting a greater toll from our tormentor. Retribution begets retribution, and the cycle continues. So, how do we get the sense of justice we want without engaging in a war of pettiness? To get past the pain, we look to a higher level of thinking.
“In taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior.”
- Francis Bacon
Successful people learn that the best solution to the game of revenge is never to play in the first place. Now don’t get me wrong, there is a big difference between standing up for yourself, asserting your boundaries when needed, and maintaining your integrity. The big picture here is looking at the office politics, the tally board of slights and misbehavior, and other general-purpose foolishness. What do you stand to gain by engaging in a war of words and games? Odds are, not much. Like many people, this is a concept I’ve struggled with (and continue to), so it was eye-opening to hear Dr. Henry Cloud speak about this recently. His assertion, <b>don’t fight fair</b>, says that if we want to enjoy our relationships and move them past pettiness and strife, we have to take our behavior to a higher level. “Playing fair” says that if you treat me nicely, I’ll treat you nicely. If you mess around with me, expect me to mess with you.
Our behavior is nothing more than a function of how we are treated.
Ouch. I don’t know about you, but I’d rather spend my life living according to my faith, the things I believe, and act independently of how others treat me. I feel better about myself when I spend time and energy on things that are positive and bring happiness. I figure if I can’t do anything practical to change how others treat me, then I’m probably better off not worrying about it. The last couple of years I’ve worked to spend more time with people who care about me and value me, and a lot less time around folks that are more interested in always being right or the top dog in everything. It’s working pretty well so far.
I’ll leave you with another quote from the Bible, this time from Matthew. Just as we grow in how we engage with others, we have a model for how a truly spiritual person should act:
“You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.”
- Matthew 5:38-41 (ESV)
Enough said.